ista-
/'is.ta/ lf8cI
verb
to know, to have knowledge
Restored from Noldorin
Etymology
Root: √IS
"know"
Primitive Eldarin: ✶ista-
Cognates
| quenya | ista- |
References
Sources: Ety/IS, EtyAC/IS
Conjugation
Derived (A-stem)
Present
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iston |
| 2nd sg. fam. | istog |
| 2nd sg. pol. | istol |
| 2nd sg. arch. | istodh |
| 3rd sg. | ista |
| 1st pl. excl. | istof |
| 1st pl. incl. | istab |
| 2nd pl. fam. | istogir |
| 2nd pl. pol. | istodhir |
| 3rd pl. | istar |
Past (transitive)
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| 1st sg. | istannen |
| 2nd sg. fam. | istanneg |
| 2nd sg. pol. | istannel |
| 2nd sg. arch. | istannedh |
| 3rd sg. | istant |
| 1st pl. excl. | istannef |
| 1st pl. incl. | istanneb |
| 2nd pl. fam. | istannegir |
| 2nd pl. pol. | istannedhir |
| 3rd pl. | istanner |
Past (intransitive)
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| 1st sg. | istassen |
| 2nd sg. fam. | istasseg |
| 2nd sg. pol. | istassel |
| 2nd sg. arch. | istassedh |
| 3rd sg. | istas(t) |
| 1st pl. excl. | istassef |
| 1st pl. incl. | istasseb |
| 2nd pl. fam. | istassegir |
| 2nd pl. pol. | istassedhir |
| 3rd pl. | istasser |
Future
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| 1st sg. | istathon |
| 2nd sg. fam. | istathog |
| 2nd sg. pol. | istathol |
| 2nd sg. arch. | istathodh |
| 3rd sg. | istatha |
| 1st pl. excl. | istathof |
| 1st pl. incl. | istathab |
| 2nd pl. fam. | istathogir |
| 2nd pl. pol. | istathodhir |
| 3rd pl. | istathar |
Other Forms
| Form | Sindarin |
|---|---|
| Present active participle | istol |
| Past active participle | istiel |
| Passive past participle (sg.) | istannen |
| Passive past participle (pl.) | istennin |
| Imperative | isto |
| Infinitive | istad |
| Gerund / verbal noun | istad |